River discharge,land use change,and surface water quality in the Xiangjiang River,China          下载免费PDF全文

Zhao Zhang  Yi Chen  Pin Wang  Jiabing Shuai  Fulu Tao  Peijun Shi 《水文研究》2014,28(13):4130-4140

To compare the impacts of river discharge on the surface water quality of the Xiangjiang River in China, 12 surface water quality parameters recorded at 31 sampling sites from January 1998 to December 2008 along the river and its main tributaries were analyzed. Significantly higher concentrations of total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, and total phosphorus, and biochemical oxygen demand were observed during low‐flow periods than during high‐flow periods, implying a higher risk to local residents drinking untreated water during low‐flow periods. Pollution indexes, including the inorganic pollution index and integrated pollution index (IPI), were negatively related to impervious surface area (ISA) and cropland area (CLA) when ISA (CLA) was less than 160 (3000) km². However, the relationship was positive when ISA (CLA) was larger than 160 (3000) km², which provided a reasonable explanation for the observed spatial patterns of water quality. Distinct increasing temporal trends for two kinds of pollution indexes were also found. The annual ISA was significantly related to the rapid degradation of water quality from 1998 to 2008, with correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.816 (p = 0.002) and 0.711 (p = 0.014) for the organic pollution index (OPI) and IPI, respectively. However, annual rainfall was negatively correlated with the two indexes with r values of 0.785 (p = 0.002) and 0.448 (p = 0.093) for OPI and IPI, respectively. Our study highlights that decision makers should be more aware of recent increases in the pollution of the Xiangjiang River, especially at downriver sites and during low‐flow periods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Diatom‐based reconstruction of summer sea‐surface salinity in the South China Sea over the last 15 000 years     

Hui Jiang  Mads F. Knudsen  Marit‐Solveig Seidenkrantz  Meixun Zhao  Longbin Sha  Lihua Ran 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(1):208-219

We present a new reconstruction of summer sea‐surface salinity (SSS) over the past 15 000 years based on a diatom record from piston core 17940, located on the northern slope of the South China Sea (SCS). The reconstructed diatom‐based summer SSS values for the modern period are in accord with instrumental observations of summer SSS in the area. Here, the modern summer SSS is primarily controlled by river runoff, in particular from the Pearl River. The reconstruction presented in this study shows that the summer SSS varied between 33.3 and 34.2 psu over the past 15 000 years. The long‐term summer SSS trend closely followed the trend of the orbitally controlled solar insolation at 20°N, suggesting that orbital forcing was the dominant driver of changes in summer SSS in this area. Comparisons to speleothem δ¹⁸O data and studies of surface hydrography in the region suggest that changes in solar insolation affected the summer SSS through changes in the East Asian Monsoon and sea‐level changes associated with the last deglaciation. Univariate spectral analyses indicate that centennial‐scale oscillatory variations in summer SSS were superimposed on the long‐term trend. During the deglacial period (c. 12 000–9000 cal. a BP), the dominant periodicity was centred around 230–250 years, whereas a ～350‐year oscillation dominated in the period 2200–4500 cal. a BP. The balance of evidence suggests that these centennial‐scale changes in summer SSS may have been driven by solar‐induced changes in the East Asian Monsoon, but further evidence is needed to firmly establish this relationship.  相似文献   

Control of tetrahedron satellite formation flying in the geosynchronous orbit using solar radiation pressure     

Yong-Gang Hou  Ming-Jiang Zhang  Chang-Yin Zhao  Rong-Yu Sun 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2016,361(4):144

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华北克拉通东缘金岭杂岩体岩浆源区及构造背景:来自岩相学、岩石地球化学及年代学的证据          下载免费PDF全文

高继雷周永刚  张振飞高明波赵体群  田振环朱振宏 《地质科学》2021,56(1):253-271

金岭杂岩体由细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪二长闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩组成,是鲁西地区典型矽卡岩型富铁矿(金岭铁矿)控矿岩体。本次研究对细粒黑云角闪闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩进行了锆石LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb定年,其结果分别为129.2±3.2 Ma和132.8±1.2 Ma,表明该杂岩体的侵位时代为早白垩世。样品SiO2、K2O和Na2O含量分别介于54.17%~63.73%、1.92%~4.76%和3.10%~5.41%之间,K2O/Na2O为0.58~0.94,A/CNK为0.60~0.93,具有轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾型稀土配分模式,轻、重稀土分馏程度中等((La/Yb)N=9.94~23.49),Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.84~1.10),具中—弱负Ce异常(δCe=0.56~0.92)。样品以富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、U、Pb等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)以及高Sr/Y为特征。金岭杂岩体为燕山晚期岩浆活动产物,属准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,岩浆主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并在岩浆上升侵位的过程中有地壳物质的同化混染。燕山晚期华北克拉通在古太平洋板块俯冲后后撤引起的板内伸展环境下,增厚陆壳减薄阶段,岩浆上侵就位形成金岭杂岩体。  相似文献   

Arching effect and displacement on theoretical estimation for lateral force acting on retaining wall     

Jiang  Junfeng  Zhao  Qihua  Zhu  Shuairun  Peng  Sheqin  Wu  Yonghong 《Natural Hazards》2021,108(3):2991-3019

Natural Hazards - A new approach is proposed to evaluate the non-limit active earth pressure in c–φ soil based on the horizontal slices method and limit equilibrium method, which takes...  相似文献   

Identification of the Main Control Factors and Failure Modes for the Failure of Baiyuzui Landslide Control Project   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Du  Yi  Yan  Echuan  Gao  Xu  Mwizerwa  Schadrack  Yuan  Liwei  Zhao  Song 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(5):3499-3516

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The failure of landslide control project presents a deformation that continues to develop along the crack system, and the continuous failure of mechanical...  相似文献   

Study on Deformation Failure Mechanism and Control Technology of Surrounding Rock in Soft Rock Roadway     

Wang  Xiangqian  Li  Yingming  Zhao  Chengxing  Wang  Yi  Huang  Shunjie 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(8):5931-5942

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - In order to reveal the mechanism of surrounding rock deformation and instability of soft rock roadway in 12# working face of Puhe coal mine, and...  相似文献   

安徽阜阳地区皖阜地1井钻获海陆过渡相高品质烃源岩          下载免费PDF全文

高堋  李昭  李世臻  周志  魏思宇  张宏达 《中国地质》2021,48(5):1659-1660

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河西走廊西段花海断裂几何学、运动学及区域构造意义          下载免费PDF全文

云龙  张进  徐伟  刘志成  张竞嘉  赵衡  张北航 《地球科学》2021,46(1):259-271

花海断裂位于河西走廊西段花海盆地内,总体走向NNW-SSE,长约38 km,为一条隐伏断裂,研究其空间展布、运动性质和活动历史对于理解青藏高原北缘的构造变形和扩展方式有重要意义.基于卫片解译、野外实地和槽探,结合光释光测年和地球物理资料,发现沿双泉子、大泉至小泉一带,发育一段长约8 km的地形陡坎,代表断裂控制下褶皱作用的地形表现.沿陡坎走向向南,断裂一直隐伏延伸至宽滩山和黑山以北.现有资料分析表明,断裂经历了早白垩世的正断、晚白垩的逆冲运动.新生代以来,断裂继承了之前的逆冲运动并一直持续至全新世中晚期.高原北缘的侧向扩展,使得作为三危山与阿尔金断裂之间块体边界的三危山、干峡山、宽滩山和塔尔湾-登登山-池家刺窝断裂发生以左旋走滑为主兼有逆冲的变形,导致了边界断裂控制山体的隆升,而内部的块体受压剪作用向北东运动.花海断裂的逆冲运动即是该次构造活动事件的响应.   相似文献   

埃塞俄比亚西部布雷地区A型花岗岩成因及地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

向文帅  姜军胜  雷义均  赵凯 《地球科学》2021,46(7):2299-2310

为进一步约束埃塞俄比亚西部地区区域地质构造演化,选取埃塞俄比亚西部布雷地区岩浆岩开展岩石地球化学、年代学等分析.结果显示:布雷岩体具有相对较高的SiO₂(66.4%~68.5%)、K₂O(4.56%~4.87%)及铁值[TFeO/(TFeO+MgO]为0.75~0.79,相对较低的MgO(0.80%~1.3%)、CaO(2.01%~2.36%)和A/CNK(0.89~0.96),富集Zr、Hf、Y、Ga等元素,亏损Sr、P、Ti和Eu元素,显示了A型花岗岩的特征.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄为631±4 Ma,代表了东非造山运动后伸展阶段.锆石ε_Hf(t)值为3.2~9.1,具有一定的不均一特征.布雷A型花岗岩形成于碰撞造山的后伸展环境.岩石地球化学及Hf同位素特征表明布雷岩体主体可能来源于减薄的岩石圈地幔玄武质岩浆,其后经历了广泛的结晶分异作用而形成.   相似文献